• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubbery material, said layer of material comprising a free face in contact with the air and a face connected to an adjacent reinforcement consisting of electrically insulated elements. others and containing at least one hysteretic material of magnetic permeability greater than the magnetic permeability of the air. This method comprises the following steps: A step in which approaching the layer of material of which it is desired to measure the thickness a sensitive element emitting an alternating magnetic field, A step during which hysteretic losses are measured in the adjacent armature, measured at the terminals of the sensing element, and a step in which the thickness of the layer of material is evaluated according to its hysteretic losses.
    公开号:FR3030717A1
    申请号:FR1462589
    申请日:2014-12-17
    公开日:2016-06-24
    发明作者:Thomas Ledoux；Denis Martin；Alexandre Pernot；Guillaume Heredia；Patrick Meneroud；Cedric Goeau
    申请人:Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland ；Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA；Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The invention is in the field of tires for vehicles, and more specifically in the field of the evaluation of the wear of such tires. In known manner, the tread of a tire or more simply pneumatic, whether it is intended to equip a passenger vehicle, truck, civil engineering or other ..., is provided with a sculpture comprising in particular elements of sculpture or elementary blocks delimited by various main grooves, longitudinal, transverse or oblique, the elementary blocks may further comprise various incisions or finer lamellae. The grooves are channels for evacuating water during a wet run and define the leading edges of the carving elements. When a tire is new, the tread has a maximum initial height. This initial height may vary depending on the type of tire considered and the purpose for which it is intended; for example, "winter" tires generally have a greater tread depth than that of "summer" tires. When the tire wears out, the height of the elementary blocks of the sculpture decreases and the stiffness of these elementary blocks increases. Increasing the stiffness of the elementary blocks of sculpture results in a decrease in certain tire performance, such as wet grip. In addition, the water evacuation capacities decrease sharply when the depth of the channels of the sculptures decreases. It is therefore desirable to follow the evolution of the wear of the tread of a tire. Such tracking is usually done by visual observation of the tread by the user or a garage with or without an effective measurement with a depth gauge. But this observation is not very easy to achieve especially on the rear tires of access more difficult and is also not very accurate. Many proposals have been made to automate the measurement of the depth of tire tread patterns. Such devices can be arranged on the running floor of the vehicles. There are thus known measuring devices based on optical systems, including for example cameras or lasers. However, these systems are relatively expensive, and are impractical to use, since they must be embedded in the taxiway and require regular maintenance. In addition, they offer a questionable reliability of measurement, since the measurements can be strongly disturbed by soiling and the presence or splashing of water, mud, snow, etc. [0007] US Pat. No. 7,578,180 B2 and WO 2008/059283 are also known, systems for measuring the thickness of the tread of a tire, comprising sensors sensitive to eddy currents generated by a magnetic field. of excitation in the crown reinforcement of the tire. These systems are arranged on a rolling floor. However, it has been found that these methods provide, on certain types of tires, false or inaccurate measurements. The present invention therefore aims to overcome this disadvantage by providing a new method of measuring the thickness of the tread. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0009] The invention relates to a method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubbery material, this layer of material comprising a free face in contact with the air and a face bonded to a reinforcement. adjacent member consisting of elements electrically insulated from one another and containing at least one hysteretic material of magnetic permeability greater than the magnetic permeability of the air. The elements electrically insulated from each other are, preferably, cables. This method comprises the following steps: - A step during which we approach the material layer whose thickness is to be measured a sensitive element emitting an alternating magnetic field, - A step during which we measure hysteretic losses in the adjacent armature, measured across the sensitive element, and - a step in which the thickness of the layer of material is evaluated according to its hysteretic losses. The application conditions of a method according to the invention will be detailed with reference to Figure 3 which shows the magnetic characteristics of two different materials. The curve 210, in solid line, is characteristic of the assembly of constituent materials of a tire armature. Starting from a zero magnetic excitation H, P10-3510_EN - 3 - when said magnetic excitation increases, the magnetic field B at the core of the tire reinforcement also increases. In a second step, when the magnetic excitation H decreases, the magnetic field B also decreases but does not return naturally to a zero value when the excitation H is zero. This phenomenon, characteristic of ferromagnetic materials, takes the name of hysteresis and means that the magnetic state of the material depends on the previous states. Alternatively, it is said that the curve 210 is a hysteresis cycle obtained in periodic excitation regime, which means that the excitation H is obtained for example from a coil fed by a sinusoidal signal. When approaching a sensitive element with magnetic excitation of a tire, the ferromagnetic material present in the armature of the tire travels this hysteresis cycle at the frequency of the supply signal of the sensitive element. In doing so, said material undergoes a heating known hysteretic loss. These losses increase with the frequency of the sensor supply signal and with the amplitude of the magnetic excitation in which the assembly constituting the tire reinforcement bathes. In addition, they also depend on the inner surface of the hysteresis cycle 210. [0015] Thus, if the amplitude of the sensor supply signal is stable, the magnetic excitation in which the tire frame is immersed may vary. provided to vary the distance between the sensitive element and said armature. If necessary, the losses generated in the armature depend directly on the distance between the sensitive element and the armature. However, the armature of the tire is embedded in a layer of rubber under the sculpting elements made to wear during the life of a tire. Thus, if the sensing element is affixed to the outer face of the tire, the distance between the sensing element and the armature will correspond to the amount of material remaining. It is therefore possible to evaluate the level of wear of the tire by measuring the hysteretic losses generated in a tire frame. The curve 211 in broken lines shows the magnetic characteristic of a tire armature which would be made from a non-ferromagnetic metal material, for example, in the form of a thin sheet of aluminum. In this case, there is no hysteresis cycle since it is a non-magnetic material. There is therefore no hysteretic losses and it is therefore not possible to implement the method according to the invention. P10-3510_EN -4- 100181 On the other hand, it is possible in this case to observe eddy current losses, which appear when the material satisfies two conditions: - on the one hand, the material is a good electrical conductor, which is the case of metal materials, - and secondly, the material is in a geometric form having sufficient dimensions in at least two orthogonal directions. [0019] Thus, in a configuration where the armature of the tire comprises a metal sheet, for example an aluminum sheet, embedded in a layer of rubber, the material meets the two conditions previously defined, since aluminum is a good electrical conductor, and the sheet has at least a length and a greater width to one centimeter. In this case, eddy currents are actually created. In contrast, in a configuration where the armature of the tire consists of a set of metal reinforcing elements, including cables, embedded in a rubber sheet, the elements being positioned parallel to each other there will be no eddy currents that will settle in the frame. Indeed, such a frame has a magnetic characteristic 210 as shown in Figure 3, and the eraser assembly and ferromagnetic cables thus formed is a hysteretic composite from the magnetic point of view. In this case, the ferromagnetic cables are electrical conductors but have only one large dimension, in the direction of the length of the cable since the other two dimensions, orthogonal to the length of the cable, are too weak, not exceeding not, for example, one percent of the main dimension of the cable in the direction of its length. Thus the aforementioned conditions for the occurrence of eddy currents are not met, and therefore there are no eddy currents that are established in the armature. In addition, the eddy currents can not be established from one cable to another since the cables are connected to each other by a very resistive rubber connection which prevents the flow of current. Therefore, a method according to the invention is advantageously used in the case of a tire armature, containing at least one type of ferromagnetic hysteretic material in the form of cables, and such that the resistance measured between two points. on such an assembly shows that the overall resistivity of the composite thus produced is at least one megohms.meters, and greater than ten megohms.mètres in some embodiments. P10-3510_EN -5- 100231 In the following description, we will use in turn the concepts of conductivity or resistivity to define such a metal frame. It is recalled here that the resistivity is the inverse magnitude of the conductivity. To achieve this value of resistivity, the resistance must be measured between two points on two separate elements, or between two points on the same non-metallic element. By "distinct elements" is meant for example a metal reinforcing element and a mass of rubber, or two separate metal reinforcing elements belonging to the same armature. In this example of implementation, there are no eddy currents which are established in the tire armature, and the sensitive element used in a method according to the present invention is not a eddy current sensor. In a preferred embodiment, the step of approaching a sensitive element of the material layer is to apply against the free face of the material layer a housing in which the sensitive element is installed. Advantageously, the box comprises, in addition to the sensitive element, an electronic measuring device. In a preferred embodiment, the sensitive element is a solenoid, in one of the forms included in the group comprising - a printed circuit, a copper wire wound with or without ferromagnetic support. In a preferred embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: - The sensitive element is supplied with an alternating electric signal, and - the frequency of this supply signal is varied. Preferably, the supply signal of the sensitive element is chosen with a frequency lower than a cutoff frequency of the sensitive element. In a preferred embodiment, the method comprises the preliminary step of determining an appropriate excitation frequency of the coil. In a preferred embodiment, the sensitive element is formed of turns, and the method is such that the step of approaching the sensitive element of the layer of material consists in positioning the sensitive element so that the plane parallel to the turns constituting the coil is parallel to the surface of the free face.
    [0002] P10-3510_EN - 6 - BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0032] Other objectives and advantages of the invention will become clear in the following description of some preferred but nonlimiting embodiments, illustrated by the following figures in which: Figures la and lb detail a first example of sensitive element used in a method according to the invention, and representative curves of the frequency response of such a sensitive element. FIGS. 2a and 2b show a second example of sensitive element used in a method according to the invention, and curves representative of the frequency response of such a sensitive element. FIG. 3, already described, shows the magnetic response of a material constituting an adjacent reinforcement of a tire, in the context of the implementation of the method according to the invention.
    [0003] DESCRIPTION OF THE BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION FIG. 1a shows a first example of a sensitive element used in a method according to the invention. In this example, the sensing element is a coil 200, connected to a measurement electronics 100. Advantageously, these two elements are installed in a housing, not shown in the figure, intended to be positioned against the layer of material. measure. This case can take the form of a portable element, a user approaches the hand of a tire whose thickness is desired to measure. In another example, the housing can take the form of a retarder installed on a taxiway, and on which is passed a vehicle on which is installed a tire whose wear is desired to measure. In another embodiment, the housing can be integrated in the running ground so as not to slow down the vehicles whose tire wear is to be measured. In the example of Figure la, the coil 200 must be powered by an alternating electrical signal to achieve the layer thickness measurement of rubbery material. To do this, it is appropriate to set the excitation frequency of said coil to an appropriate value. P10-3510_EN -7- 100361 Such a coil 200 can be modeled by the association of a pure inductance of value Ls and a pure resistance of value Rs. This pure resistance Rs is equivalent, for a certain frequency range from the supply signal, to the sum of the ohmic resistance of the inductor and of a resistive component proportional to the losses generated by the magnetic field emitted by the coil 200, in the constituent material of the adjacent reinforcement mentioned above. FIG. 1b shows the evolution of the respective values of Ls (curve 300) and of Rs (curve 400), when the supply frequency of the coil 200 is varied, in the absence of adjacent reinforcement. . Three zones of operation of the coil 200 are thus seen to appear. The first zone 500 corresponds to an operating mode in which the modeling of the coil 200 by a coil positioned in series with a resistor is valid. The second zone 600 corresponds to an area in which the inductor 200 behaves like a plug circuit, since the value of the resistor Rs increases to such an extent that it is no longer possible to supply said coil 200. positioning of the frequency Fc, defining this area directly depends on the characteristics of the coil 200, such as, non-exhaustively, its number of turns, its ohmic resistance, the diameter of the conductors used to make the turns or the nature of the coil. material constituting the turns. The third zone 700 is an operating zone in which the coil 200 is no longer only comparable to a pure inductance positioned in series with a pure resistor. In this case, add to this model a capacity Cs. According to the modeling diagrams, this capacitance Cs can be positioned in parallel on the pure Ls or in parallel on the pair formed by the combination of the self Ls and the resistance Rs. [0041] The zone 500 is the zone preferred application of the method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubbery material according to the invention. Figure 2a shows the implementation of a method according to the invention for measuring the thickness of a layer of material 10, provided with an adjacent armature 30 on the face opposite to the free face. This reinforcement 30 was made by means of steel cables assembled parallel to each other by a matrix of highly resistive rubber material. The reinforcement thus formed is very electrically non-conductive since the cables are not in contact with one another and since they are mechanically bonded via a resistive matrix. On the other hand, this reinforcement is a good conductor of magnetic field since the cables are ferromagnetic. P10-3510_EN -8- 100431 The first step of a method according to the invention consists in positioning a flat coil 20 against the free face of the layer of material 10. This coil is then powered by a supply signal whose frequency is lower than the cutoff frequency Fc.of the coil. The variation of the resistance seen at the terminals of the coil is then measured. As indicated above, the coil 20 is equivalent to the combination of a pure inductance Ls and a resistor Rs. When the frequency of the supply signal of the coil 20 is varied, for a distance between coil 20 and reinforcement 30, there is a variation of the value of Rs. [0045] This variation is the combination of the variation obtained in the absence of reinforcement for a frequency lower than Fc, as shown in FIG. on the other hand, and the variation caused by the presence of the armature 30 near the coil 20 on the other hand. FIG. 2b shows the evolution of the magnitude ARs corresponding to the variation part of Rs, solely due to the presence of the armature 30 near the coil 20. In FIG. 2b, this variation is explained in FIG. The curve 41 shows the evolution of ARs obtained when the thickness of rubbery material 10 is one millimeter. Curve 51 shows the evolution of ARs obtained when the thickness of rubbery material 10 is five millimeters. Curve 61 shows the evolution of ARs obtained when the thickness of rubbery material 10 is ten millimeters. Finally, the curve 71 shows the evolution of ARs obtained when the thickness of rubber material 10 is twenty millimeters. In all cases, the frequency of the feed signal used remains lower than the frequency Fc defined in the example of Figures 1a and 1b. It can be seen that if the supply frequency is set at a level F1 that is much lower than the frequency Fc, it is difficult to separate the variations of the ARs obtained at this frequency F1 for a variation in layer thickness that varies between and twenty millimeters. On the other hand, if the frequency of the supply signal is set at a higher F2 level, it can be seen that the variation of ARs can offer a much better sensitivity when the thickness of the layer of rubber material varies between one and twenty millimeters. P10-3510_EN -9- 100541 In this case, it becomes possible to use the variation of ARs to measure the thickness of rubbery material. In a variant of the method according to the invention, for high values of supply frequency of the coil 20, it is also possible to simultaneously use the variation of ALs and ARs in order to perform a measurement of thickness. layer. Indeed, in this case, in the absence of eddy currents, ALs increases when the distance between the coil 20 and the armature 30 decreases. This variation therefore goes in the same direction as the variation of ARs, since ARs increases with the decrease in the distance between the coil 20 and the armature 30. Advantageously, it will be possible to use the variation of ARs alone, or combined with the variation of ALs. This embodiment will notably but not exclusively be used when the supply frequency of the coil exceeds ten percent of the frequency Fc defined above. Alternatively we can directly use the variation of Ls and Rs, separately or in combination, to achieve a layer thickness measurement of rubbery material. The distance thus measured corresponds to the distance between a free face of a layer of rubber material and a metal reinforcement present in the layer. Thus, by approaching a sensitive element of the top of a sculpture, it is possible to determine the wear of the tires by comparing an initial distance between the top of the sculpture and the metal reinforcement, and a measured distance. P10-3510_FR
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of measuring the thickness of a layer of rubbery material, said layer of material comprising a free face in contact with the air and a face bonded to an adjacent reinforcement consisting of elements electrically insulated from each other and containing less a hysteretic material of magnetic permeability greater than the magnetic permeability of the air, the method comprising the following steps: a step during which the material layer whose thickness is to be measured is approached a sensitive element emitting a alternating magnetic field, - a step during which hysteretic losses are measured in the adjacent armature, measured at the terminals of the sensitive element, and the layer of material in - A step during which the thickness is evaluated according to its hysteretic losses.
    [0002]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of approaching a sensitive element of the material layer is to apply against the free face of the material layer a housing in which the sensitive element is installed.
    [0003]
    3. The method of claim 2, wherein the housing comprises, in addition to the sensitive element, an electronic measuring device.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensitive element is a solenoid, in one of the forms included in the group comprising - a printed circuit, a copper wire wound with or without ferromagnetic support.
    [0005]
    5. The method of claim 1 comprising the following steps: - the sensitive element is supplied by an alternating electrical signal, and - the frequency of this supply signal is varied. P10-3510_FR. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the feed signal of the sensing element is selected with a frequency lower than a cutoff frequency of the sensing element. The method of claim 5, comprising the prior step of determining an appropriate excitation frequency of the coil. 8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sensitive element is formed of turns, the method being such that the step of approaching the sensitive element of the layer of material consists in positioning the sensitive element of such that the plane parallel to the turns constituting the coil is parallel to the surface of the free face. 9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical conductivity of the armature is such that the resistivity measured between two points on two distinct elements, or between two points on the same non-metallic element, is greater than 10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the electrical conductivity of the armature is such that the resistivity measured between two points on two distinct elements, or between two points on the same non-metallic element. , is greater than ten megohms.meters P10-3510_EN
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    FR3009076B1|2013-07-26|2017-03-31|Michelin & Cie|SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A GUM LAYER OF A TIRE|
    FR3009075B1|2013-07-26|2016-09-09|Michelin & Cie|SYSTEM FOR MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A GUM LAYER OF A TIRE|
    FR3020680B1|2014-05-02|2017-11-24|Michelin & Cie|SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE CONDITION OF A TIRE|FR3020680B1|2014-05-02|2017-11-24|Michelin & Cie|SYSTEM FOR EVALUATING THE CONDITION OF A TIRE|
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    法律状态:
    2015-12-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-06-24| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20160624 |
    2016-12-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-12-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-09-27| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20190906 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1462589A|FR3030717B1|2014-12-17|2014-12-17|METHOD FOR MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A LAYER OF RUBBER MATERIAL|FR1462589A| FR3030717B1|2014-12-17|2014-12-17|METHOD FOR MEASURING THE THICKNESS OF A LAYER OF RUBBER MATERIAL|
    PCT/EP2015/079454| WO2016096661A1|2014-12-17|2015-12-11|Method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubber-like material|
    JP2017533273A| JP2018507394A|2014-12-17|2015-12-11|Method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubber-like material|
    EP15808594.4A| EP3234540B8|2014-12-17|2015-12-11|Method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubber-like material|
    US15/535,138| US10190863B2|2014-12-17|2015-12-11|Method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubber-like material|
    CN201580069122.9A| CN107407547B|2014-12-17|2015-12-11|Method for measuring the thickness of a layer of rubber-like material|
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